{"id":1364,"date":"2023-01-23T12:35:23","date_gmt":"2023-01-23T11:35:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sismoelettrica.it\/services\/geotechnical-monitoring\/"},"modified":"2023-03-26T17:03:31","modified_gmt":"2023-03-26T15:03:31","slug":"geotechnical-monitoring","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sismoelettrica.it\/en\/services\/geotechnical-monitoring\/","title":{"rendered":"Geotechnical monitoring"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Inclinometer surveys<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Inclinometer measurements together with other geotechnical monitoring tests (such as borehole strain gauges) are carried out in order to be able to monitor over time the state of evolution of instability involving, for example, landslides. Monitoring carried out over the years allows the sliding surface of a landslide to be identified.
The test is carried out by introducing an inclinometer tube which is installed in a hole previously made with a vertical borehole.
An inclinometer probe is then inserted inside the inclinometer tube which, equipped with high-precision sensors, allows to measure the inclination of the tube in correspondence with a given section and, through repeated measurements over time, allows to measure the horizontal displacement.<\/p>\n

A probe inclinometer (or inclinometer probe) consists of a probe equipped with wheels, containing a sensor excited by the force of gravity, which generates an electrical signal sent via cable to an acquisition unit on which the angle \u03b8 formed by the probe axis with vertical (figures 1 and 2) or incremental displacement.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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The instrument only measures ground movements normal to the borehole axis. <\/span><\/p>\n

The inclinometer probe can detect the movement along the borehole axis in a complete and detailed way and can be used to locate the movements of the ground, wherever they take place. <\/span><\/p>\n

A series of readings over a period of time provides the extent, direction and speed of movement to be ascertained. The same instrument can be used to take readings in any number of holes.<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\"Inclinometro1\"<\/div>
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Applications<\/a><\/h3>

The main field of application of these measures concerns monitoring over time or the study of the temporal evolution of a landslide.\nOther fields of application concern the monitoring of embankments, dams, open pit excavations, bridge piers, diaphragm walls, retaining walls, poles, tunnels, etc.\n<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Equipments<\/a><\/h3>

The instrumentation for inclinometric measurements consists of:

\n\u2013 Inclinometer probe consisting of a stainless steel body equipped with guide wheels, equipped with special sensors for measuring inclination
\n\u2013 Portable digital control unit, with special displays for reading data, possibly equipped with an acquisition system
\n\u2013 Electric connection cable between the inclinometer probe and the measuring unit
\n\u2013 Witness probe for checking the inclinometer tubes before starting the measurements

\nEquipments supplied<\/b>
\n- SISGEO S09070 servo-accelerometer inclinometer probe and Archimedes data logger\n<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\"Inclinometro2\"<\/div>
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Vibration monitoring<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The monitoring of vibrations induced on existing buildings by ordinary or extraordinary human actions, productive or constructive actions are fields of intervention in which general attention is increasingly growing.
Using transportable digital seismic stations, it is possible to monitor the seismic activity of a site. The obtainable data are the arrival times of the seismic vibrations, the amplitudes and frequencies of stress, as well as elements on ground accelerations and therefore the possibility of an estimate of parameters that can be used directly in the engineering field. For the analysis of the vibrations induced on structures, the maximum amplitudes (in speed, acceleration or displacement), the duration and the frequencies at which these stresses are produced are evaluated.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Monitoring a vibration means listing the positions where the vibrating point is at successive times. These can then be graphed to give the entire recorded “waveform”.
The most used waveform for graphic representation is the sine wave. Once the type of mathematical relation linking the displacement of the point to the elapsed time has been accepted, to describe the vibration it is sufficient to give two characteristic numerical values defined as parameters of the measured vibration: Recording example the maximum displacement parameter of the point with respect to the rest position and the number of oscillations in one second (frequency).
The maximum displacement can be measured through the maximum speed or through the maximum acceleration.
In general, once the waveform has been defined, all these descriptions are practically equivalent, as there are simple mathematical relationships that connect them to each other.
Measurement peak analysis
<\/b> In summary, the effect on a mass of a time-varying stress depends on:<\/p>\n